Coverage-Aware Web Crawling for Domain-Specific Supplier Discovery via a Web–Knowledge–Web Pipeline

arXiv:2602.24262v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Identifying the full landscape of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in specialized industry sectors is critical for supply-chain resilience, yet existing business databases suffer from substantial coverage gaps -- particularly for sub-tier suppliers and firms in emerging niche markets. We propose a \textbf{Web--Knowledge--Web (W$\to$K$\to$W)} pipeline that iteratively (1)~crawls domain-specific web sources to discover candidate supplier entities, (2)~extracts and consolidates structured knowledge into a heterogeneous knowledge graph using domain-adapted few-shot LLM prompting, and (3)~uses the knowledge graph's topology and coverage signals to guide subsequent crawling toward under-represented regions of the supplier space. To quantify discovery completeness, we introduce a \textbf{coverage estimation framework} inspired by ecological species-richness estimators (Chao1, ACE) adapted for web-entity populations. Experiments on the semiconductor equipment manufacturing sector (NAICS 333242) demonstrate that the W$\to$K$\to$W pipeline achieves the highest precision (0.165) and F1 (0.123) among all methods while using only 144 pages -- 32\% fewer than the 213-page baseline budget -- building a knowledge graph of 664 entities and 542 relations with 100\% relation type-consistency.