A curated list of LLM research papers from July–December 2025, organized by reasoning models, inference-time scaling, architectures, training efficiency…
Two years ago, I posted a list of Hello World examples for machine learning and AI on social. Here, the Hello World means beginner-friendly examples to…
Similar to DeepSeek V3, the team released their new flagship model over a major US holiday weekend. Given DeepSeek V3.2’s really good performance (on GPT-5…
This short article compiles a few notes I previously shared when readers ask how to get the most out of my building large language model from scratch books…
After I shared my Big LLM Architecture Comparison a few months ago, which focused on the main transformer-based LLMs, I received a lot of questions with…
The DGX Spark for local LLM inferencing and fine-tuning was a pretty popular discussion topic recently. I got to play with one myself, primarily working…
Multiple-Choice Benchmarks, Verifiers, Leaderboards, and LLM Judges with Code Examples
Previously, I compared the most notable open-weight architectures of 2025 in The Big LLM Architecture Comparison. Then, I zoomed in and discussed the…
OpenAI just released their new open-weight LLMs this week: gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b, their first open-weight models since GPT-2 in 2019. And yes, thanks…
It has been seven years since the original GPT architecture was developed. At first glance, looking back at GPT-2 (2019) and forward to DeepSeek-V3 and…