Graph-Theoretic Analysis of Phase Optimization Complexity in Variational Wave Functions for Heisenberg Antiferromagnets

arXiv:2602.04943v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We study the computational complexity of learning the ground state phase structure of Heisenberg antiferromagnets. Representing Hilbert space as a weighted graph, the variational energy defines a weighted XY model that, for $\mathbb{Z}_2$ phases, reduces to a classical antiferromagnetic Ising model on that graph. For fixed amplitudes, reconstructing the signs of the ground state wavefunction thus reduces to a weighted Max-Cut instance. This establishes that ground state phase reconstruction for Heisenberg antiferromagnets is worst-case NP-hard and links the task to combinatorial optimization.